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This timeline of nuclear weapons development is a chronological catalog of the evolution of nuclear weapons rooting from the development of the science surrounding nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. In addition to the scientific advancements, this timeline also includes several political events relating to the development of nuclear weapons. The availability of intelligence on recent advancements in nuclear weapons of several major countries (such as United States and the Soviet Union) is limited because of the classification of technical knowledge of nuclear weapons development. ==1930−1950== * 1933 - Leó Szilárd realizes the concept of the nuclear chain reaction. He invented the atomic bomb in 1933 while crossing a London street. He patented it in 1934. (British patent 630,726) * 1938 - December - German Chemists, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman detect barium after bombarding uranium with neutrons. This is correctly interpreted by Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch as nuclear fission. * 1939 - January - Otto Robert Frisch experimentally confirms Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman's discovery of nuclear fission. * 1939 - April - Nazi Germany begins the German nuclear energy project. * 1939 - October - US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt receives the Einstein–Szilárd letter and authorizes the creation of the Advisory Committee on Uranium. The Uranium Committee has its first meeting on October 21, and $6,000 was budgeted for conducting neutron experiments. * 1940 - April - MAUD Committee (Military Application of Uranium Detonation) established by Henry Tizard to investigate feasibility of an atomic bomb. * 1941 - February - Plutonium discovered by Glenn Seaborg and Arthur Wahl. * 1941 - October - President Roosevelt receives MAUD report on the design and costs to develop a nuclear weapon. Roosevelt approves project to confirm MAUD's finding * 1942 - April - Joseph Stalin was first informed of the efforts to develop nuclear weapons based on a letter sent to him by Georgii Flerov pointing out that there was nothing being published on nuclear fusion since its discovery, and the prominent physicists involved had not been publishing at all. This urged the Soviet Union to start a nuclear weapons program. * 1942 - July - The ''Heereswaffenamt'' (HWA, Army Ordance Office) relinquishes control of the German nuclear energy project to the Reichsforschungsrat (RFR, Reich Research Council), essentially making it only a research project with objectives far short of making a weapon. * 1942 - July through September - A summer conference at University of California, Berkeley is convened by physicist Robert Oppenheimer and discusses the design of a fission bomb. Edward Teller introduces the hydrogen bomb as a major discussion point. * 1942 - August through November - The Manhattan Project is established under command of General Leslie Groves. "Site X" is chosen in Tennessee, and will later become Oak Ridge National Laboratory. "Site Y" is chosen in New Mexico, and will later become Los Alamos National Laboratory. * 1943 - March - The Japanese Committee on Research in the Application of Nuclear Physics, chaired by Yoshio Nishina concludes in a report that while an atomic bomb was feasible, it would be unlikely to produce one during the war. Japan then concentrated on research into radar. * 1943 - April - Introductory lectures begin at Los Alamos, later are compiled into The Los Alamos Primer. * 1943 - August - Quebec Agreement signed by President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill. Team of British scientists join the Manhattan Project, including Klaus Fuchs. * 1944 - April - Emilio Segrè discovers that the spontaneous fission rate of plutonium is too high to be used in a gun-type fission weapon. Leads to change in priority to the design of an implosion-type nuclear weapon. * 1945 - May - Nazi Germany formally surrenders to Allied Powers, marking the end of World War II in Europe. * 1945 - July - The first nuclear explosion, the Trinity test of an implosion-style plutonium-based nuclear weapon known as "the gadget", near Alamogordo, New Mexico. * 1945 - August 6 - "Little Boy", a gun-type uranium-235 weapon, is dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. * 1945 - August 9 - "Fat Man", an implosion-type plutonium-239 weapon, is dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. * 1945 - August - The Smyth Report is published detailing the efforts of the Manhattan Project. * 1945 - August - Surrender of Japan to the Allied Powers. * 1946 - January - The Atomic Energy Act of 1946 takes effect, officially turning over the Manhattan Project to the United States Atomic Energy Commission. * 1946 - June - First meeting of the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission is held. * 1946 - Soviet Union rejects the Baruch Plan. * 1949 - August - The Soviet Union conducts its first atomic test, First Lightning (nicknamed Joe 1 by the Americans). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Timeline of nuclear weapons development」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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